Surface roughness refers to the unevenness of the machined surface with small spacing and small peaks and valleys. The distance (wave distance) between its two peaks or valleys is very small (below 1mm), which belongs to the micro geometric shape error. The smaller the surface roughness, the smoother the surface. The morphological features with a wave distance less than 1mm are usually classified as surface roughness, the morphological features with a size of 1-10mm are defined as surface waviness, and the morphological features with a size greater than 10mm are defined as surface morphology.
Surface roughness is generally formed by the machining method used and other factors, such as friction between the tool and the surface of the part during the machining process, plastic deformation of the surface layer metal during chip separation, and high-frequency vibration in the process system. Due to differences in processing methods and workpiece materials, the depth, density, shape, and texture of the traces left on the processed surface vary.
Surface roughness is closely related to the fitting properties, wear resistance, fatigue strength, contact stiffness, vibration, and noise of mechanical parts, and has a significant impact on the service life and reliability of mechanical products.
As shown in the figure, the roughness of the roller surface was measured to be Ra0.19 using a roughness meter
